Table 7 Fetal external and visceral examination results of TiO2 nanoparticles exposed pregnant females during the pregnancy
From: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles oral exposure to pregnant rats and its distribution
| Â | TiO2 nanoparticles (mg/kg) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 100 | 300 | 1000 | |
Fetal External Examination | ||||
 No. of litters examined | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
 No. of fetuses examined | 149 | 169 | 158 | 153 |
 Malformation | ||||
  No. of affected litters (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
  No. of affected fetuses (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
 Variation | ||||
  No. of affected litters (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
  No. of affected fetuses (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Fetal Visceral Examination | ||||
 No. of litters examined | 12 | 12 | 12 | 12 |
 No. of fetuses examined | 72 | 81 | 75 | 74 |
 Malformation | ||||
  No. of affected litters (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
  No. of affected fetuses (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
 Variation | ||||
  Thymus, Thymic cord | ||||
   No. of affected litters (%) | 7 (58) | 7 (58) | 7 (58) | 5 (42) |
   No. of affected fetuses (%) | 10 (14) | 13 (16) | 9 (12) | 7 (11) |
  Kidneys, Dilated renal pelvis | ||||
   No. of affected litters (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (8) | 0 (0) |
   No. of affected fetuses (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | 0 (0) |
  Ureter, Convoluted ureter | ||||
   No. of affected litters (%) | 6 (50) | 6 (50) | 6 (50) | 7 (58) |
   No. of affected fetuses (%) | 11 (14) | 9 (11) | 14 (18) | 10 (14) |
  Ureter, Dilated ureter | ||||
   No. of affected litters (%) | 7 (58) | 5 (42) | 4 (33) | 7 (58) |
   No. of affected fetuses (%) | 14 (18) | 7 (8) | 7 (9) | 13 (17) |