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Table 6 Relative mRNA level for pro-inflammatory cytokines and proteins related with fibrosis to β-actin

From: Role of Nrf2 in inflammatory response in lung of mice exposed to zinc oxide nanoparticles

  Amount of ZnO-NPs administered (μg)Simple regressionMultiple regression
 Genotype01030Effect of ZnO-NPsInteraction of ZnO-NPs and Nrf2 deletionEffect of ZnO-NPsEffect of Nrf2 deletion
KCWild type
Nrf2−/−
1.0 ± 0.4
2.2 ± 1.3
1.4 ± 0.7
2.8 ± 1.0
1.2 ± 0.4
2.9 ± 1.4
0.0026 (p = 0.73)
0.023(p = 0.27)
0.010 (p = 0.30)0.012(p = 0.25)−0.71 (p < 0.0001)
MIP-2Wild type
Nrf2−/−
1.1 ± 0.6
2.1 ± 1.1
1.3 ± 0.8
2.4 ± 1.2
1.0 ± 0.3
3.9 ± 3.0
−0.0060 (p = 0.51)
0.064(p = 0.073)
0.035 (p = 0.028)
IL-6Wild type
Nrf2−/−
1.1 ± 0.4
1.1 ± 0.4
0.9 ± 0.3
1.1 ± 0.3
1.2 ± 0.6
1.5 ± 0.8
0.005(p = 0.48)
0.015(p = 0.14)
0.0049 (p = 0.39)0.0090 (p = 0.11)0.078 (p = 0.28)
IL-1βWild type
Nrf2−/−
1.0 ± 0.7
0.9 ± 0.4
1.0 ± 0.6
1.1 ± 0.3
0.7 ± 0.3
1.1 ± 0.7
−0.0097 (p = 0.24)
0.005(p = 0.58)
0.0073 (p = 0.23)−0.0034 (p = 0.58)0.032 (p = 0.68)
MCP-1Wild type
Nrf2−/−
0.9 ± 0.7
0.7 ± 0.3
0.9 ± 1.0
0.6 ± 0.3
0.7 ± 0.4
0.9 ± 0.6
−0.0088 (p = 0.41)
0.0055 (p = 0.48)
0.0072 (p = 0.31)−0.0027 (p = 0.70)−0.038 (p = 0.67)
TGF-βWild type
Nrf2−/−
1.1 ± 0.3
1.3 ± 0.2
1.1 ± 0.2
1.5 ± 0.7
1.6 ± 0.5*
1.4 ± 0.3
0.019 (p = 0.0011)
0.0028 (p = 0.70)
--0.0083 (p = 0.066)0.012(p = 0.0098)0.084 (p = 0.14)
TNF-αWild type
Nrf2−/−
2.9 ± 1.0
2.9 ± 0.8
2.8 ± 0.6
2.6 ± 1.2
2.5 ± 0.7
3.1 ± 0.9
−0.012 (p = 0.30)
0.0089(p = 0.58)
0.010 (p = 0.28)−0.0026 (p = 0.79)0.092 (p = 0.43)
IFN-γWild type
Nrf2−/−
1.5 ± 0.6
3.5 ± 2.2
1.6 ± 0.5
4.0 ± 3.2
2.7 ± 0.9*
4.5 ± 3.9
0.042(p = 0.0004)
0.031 (p = 0.55)
--0.0053 (p = 0.82)0.037 (p = 0.11)1.1 (p = 0.0006)
MMP2Wild type
Nrf2−/−
0.7 ± 0.2
1.1 ± 0.4
0.7 ± 0.2
1.2 ± 0.4
1.5 ± 0.4*
1.9 ± 0.7*
0.027 (p = < 0.0001)
0.029 (p = 0.0022)
0.00092 (p = 0.84)0.028 (p < 0.0001)0.22 (p = 0.0002)
  1. Mean ± SD. * p < 0.05compared to the corresponding genotype control by Dunnett’s multiple comparison following ANOVA. Simple regression analysis in each genotype and multiple regression analysis in a model with interaction was conducted. As the interaction was not significant for KC, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1, TGF-β, TNF-α, IFN-γ or MMP2, multiple regression in a model without interaction was finally conducted to estimate effect of ZnO-NPs or Nrf2 deletion