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Fig. 7 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 7

From: Hepatotoxicity and the role of the gut-liver axis in rats after oral administration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles

Fig. 7

Interaction network of gut microbiota, liver metabolism, and hepatotoxicity after oral administration of TiO2 NPs. The changes of gut microbiota represented by increased L. reuteri and decreased Romboutsia led to the changes of intestinal metabolic function. The glycosaminoglycan degradation, fat digestion and absorption, and autoimmune-related metabolic pathways of gut microbiota increased significantly after exposure to TiO2 NPs. In addition, LPS produced by gut microbiota increased significantly, which may be a key factor in the subsequent liver effects. Hepatotoxicity manifested as changes in liver function and. Metabolic disorders and redox imbalances should be the main causes of liver function changes. In the complex metabolic network of the liver, glutamate, glutamine and glutathione may be the key metabolites leading the generation of energy-related metabolic disorders and imbalance of oxidation/antioxidation

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