Table 1 Studies using animal models to determine the impact of NPs on the gut microbiota
Ag-NP | TiO2-NP | SiO2-NP | ZnO-NP | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Duration (days) | ≤14 | ≥28 | 7 | ≥28 | 7 | ≤14 | ≥28 |
Actinobacteria | ↗[104] | ||||||
Bifidobacterium (g) | ↙[105] | ||||||
Corynebacterium (g) | ↙[106] | ||||||
Rhodococcus (g) | ↙[104] | ||||||
Bacteroidetes | ↗[107] | ↙[107]♦ | ↙[104] | ↙[107]♦ | ↙[109] | ↗[110] | |
Bacteroidaceae (f) | ↙[108]♦ | ↗[110] | |||||
Bacteroides (g) | ↙[107]♦ | ↙[107]♦ | ↗[110] | ||||
Bacteroides uniformis | ↙[106] | ||||||
Odoribacteraceae (f) | ↙[108]♦ | ||||||
Prevotellaceae (f) | ↙[109] | ||||||
Prevotella (g) | ↗[107] | ↙[104] | ↗[107]♦ | ↙[109] | |||
Rikenellaceae (f) | ↗[108]♦ | ↙[110] | |||||
Alistipes (g) | ↗[107] | ↗[107]♦ | ↙[110] | ||||
S24–7 (f) | ↙[108]♦ | ↙[109] | |||||
Barnesiella (g) | ↙[104] | ||||||
Firmicutes | ↙[107] | ↙[104] | ↗[107]♦ | ↗colon, ↙ileum [109] | ↙[110] | ||
Bacillaceae (f) | ↗[109] | ||||||
Bacillus (g) | ↗[109] | ||||||
Christensenellaceae (f) | ↙[106] | ||||||
Erysipelotrichaceae (f) | ↙[104] | ||||||
Turicibacter (g) | ↙[104] | ↗[111] | |||||
Lachnospiraceae (f) | ↙[107] | ↗[108]♦ | ↗[107]♦ | ||||
Blautia (g) | ↗[108]♦ | ||||||
Coprococcus (g) | ↗[108]♦ | ||||||
Coprococcus eutatus | ↙[106] | ||||||
Lactobacillaceae (f) | ↗[108]♦ | ↗colon, ↙ileum [109] | |||||
Lactobacillus (g) | ↙[107] | ↙[104] | ↙[107]♦ | ↗colon, ↙ileum [109] | |||
Peptococcaceae (f) | ↙[106] | ||||||
Ruminococcaceae (f) | ↗[107]♦ | ||||||
Oscillospira (g) | ↙[106] | ↙[109] | |||||
Streptococcaceae (f) | ↗[109] | ||||||
Streptococcus (g) | ↗[109] | ||||||
Clostridium (g) | ↙[106] | ↗[111] | |||||
Dehalobacterium (g) | ↙[106] | ||||||
Oscillibacter (g) | ↗[107]♦ | ||||||
SMB53 (g) | ↗[111] | ||||||
Proteobacteria | ↗[104] | ↗[107]♦ | ↗[109] | ↙[111] | |||
Enterobacteriaceae (f) | ↗[105] | ||||||
Escherichia/Shigella (g) | ↗[104] | ||||||
Halomonadaceae (f) | ↗[109] | ||||||
Halomonas (g) | ↗[109] | ||||||
Aggregatibacter pneumotropica | ↙[106] | ||||||