Fig. 3
From: Urban air particulate matter induces mitochondrial dysfunction in human olfactory mucosal cells
PM effects on the immune response in hOM cultures. Secreted inflammatory mediators were quantified from a representative cell line after 24-h h exposure by CBA. Following exposure to PM, the levels of of (a) IL-6, (b) IL-8, (c) GM-CSF, (d) RANTES and (e) MCP1 in hOM cultures were measured. After a 24 h co-treatment with IFN-ɣ/TNFα and PM1–0.2, PM2.5–1 or PM10–2.5, the levels of IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, RANTES and MCP were determined by CBA. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, n = five wells/group and compared to the vehicle. #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.001, ###p < 0.0001, compared to cytokines