Fig. 4
From: Urban air particulate matter induces mitochondrial dysfunction in human olfactory mucosal cells
Elevated cellular ROS in hOM cultures after PM exposure. a Measurement of mt-ND4 content in hOM cultures after 24 h exposure to PM1–0.2, PM2.5–1 and PM10–2.5 . Data are normalized the vehicle treated cells and using the reference gene hGAPDH. b Cytoplasmic reactive oxygen intermediates were also detected via H2DCFHA (DCF) signal intensities examined in cells after 4 h and 24 h exposure in a representative cell line. c Cellular ROS levels quantified by CellROX reveals a slight increase in average CellROX-positive cells exposed to PM2.5–1 and PM10–2.5 . n = four donors