Table 1 Physical properties of the particles and concentrations of gaseous emissions in spruce and pine combustion aerosols following 4 h of exposure and Tox-ALI

parameter

Unit

4 h average

Tox-ALI

4 h average

Tox-ALI

NO

ppm

1.9 ± 1.2

1.9 ± 1.2

1.7 ± 0.8

1.7 ± 0.7

NO₂

ppm

0.2 ± 1.1

0.2 ± 0.5

0.2 ± 0.4

0.2 ± 0.7

THC

ppm

12.3 ± 28.2

16.1 ± 27.8

9.3 ± 18.8

9.4 ± 23.8

CO

ppm

122 ± 141

142 ± 149

84 ± 94

67 ± 88

CO₂

ppm

4500 ± 1700

4600 ± 1900

4300 ± 1400

4300 ± 1300

PM₁ mass (SMPS)

mg m^− 3

4.3 ± 5.1

4.9 ± 6.0

6.2 ± 5.1

7.7 ± 6.5

TSP mass (TEOM)

mg m^− 3

6.0 ± 7.8

7.4 ± 9.1

9.6 ± 7.6

12.3 ± 10.2

PNC (SMPS)

1 × 10⁶ cm^− 3

2.1 ± 1.5

2.4 ± 1.8

2.1 ± 1.3

2.1 ± 1.5

PNC (ELPI)

1 × 10⁶ cm^− 3

2.7 ± 3.8

3.2 ± 3.5

2.9 ± 2.2

3.1 ± 2.1

LDSA (NSAM)

1 × 10⁶ μm2 cm^− 3

16.9 ± 18.1

20.5 ± 22.7

21.7 ± 15.6

24.8 ± 17.9

MMD (SMPS)

nm

304 ± 167

322 ± 168

365 ± 146

414 ± 102

GMD (SMPS)

nm

91 ± 29.2

94.3 ± 32.3

110 ± 32.7

120 ± 27.9

OC

μg m^− 3

570 ± 160*

2100 ± 320

790 ± 340

850 ± 80*

EC

μg m^− 3

4100 ± 1300*

4500 ± 1200

7900 ± 1500

6600 ± 3700*

OC/EC

0.14 ± 0.01

0.47 ± 0.05

0.10 ± 0.03

0.20 ± 0.12*

ECF

m3 of exposure aerosol /MJ fuel energy

11.0 ± 1.2

11.0 ± 1.4

11.3 ± 0.2

11.4 ± 0.3