Fig. 7
From: PM2.5 impairs macrophage functions to exacerbate pneumococcus-induced pulmonary pathogenesis
PM2.5 impairs pneumococcus-induced chemokine production via the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways. RAW264.7 cells were exposed to PM2.5 (20 μg/ml) for 24 h, followed by pneumococcus infection for 6 h. Cell lysates were prepared and subjected to western blot analysis using antibodies against (a) CXCR3, PI3K, and Akt, (b) p38, JNK, Erk, and their respective phosphorylated forms, and (c) TLR4, p65, and phosphorylated p65. β-actin was used as a loading control. Relative expression levels were normalized to those in the mock-treated group and are indicated under each band