Fig. 2

The cytotoxicity of N-GQDs in BV2 cells. Representative FITC fluorescence histogram plot (a) and side scattering (SSC) histogram plot (c) of BV2 cells in presence of 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL N-GQDs for 24 h under a flow cytometer at excitation and emission wavelengths of 488 nm and 525 nm; Quantitative results of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) (b) and SSC relative to control (d) from flow cytometer analysis; e The effects of N-GQDs on cell viability in BV2 cells at the concentrations ranging from 5 ~ 500 μg/mL for 24 h were measured by CCK8 assay; f Representative flow cytometer dot plot of apoptosis and necrosis in BV2 cells treated with 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL N-GQDs for 24 h were identified by using Annexin V-FITC/PI; g Quantitative results of necrotic and apoptotic percentages from flow cytometer analysis. Data are expressed as the mean ± SE of three independent experiments, performed in triplicate. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s t test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. the control group)