Skip to main content
Fig. 4 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 4

From: Induction of ferroptosis in response to graphene quantum dots through mitochondrial oxidative stress in microglia

Fig. 4

N-GQDs damaged the iron metabolism and redox balance in BV2 cells. a Representative fluorescent images of intracellular iron level in BV2 cells treated with 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL N-GQDs for 24 h were identified by using FerroOrange (orange). Nuclei are stained by DAPI (blue). Scale bars: 50 μm; The effects of 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL N-GQDs treatments for 24 h on GSH/GSSG ratio (b), NADP+/NADPH ratio (c) and MDA content (d) in BV2 cells were measured by ELISA; e Representative FITC fluorescence histogram plot of cytosolic ROS production in BV2 cells treated with 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL N-GQDs for 24 h were identified by using DCFH-DA; f Quantitative results of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) from flow cytometer analysis; g Representative fluorescent images of lipid ROS in BV2 cells treated with 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL N-GQDs for 24 h were identified by using C11BODIPY581/591. Nonoxidized lipid is in red, oxidized lipid is in green, nuclei are stained by DAPI (blue), merging of the red and green color results in a yellow signal. Scale bars: 50 μm. Data are expressed as the mean ± SE of three independent experiments, performed in triplicate. Statistical significance was determined by one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s t test (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 vs. the control group)

Back to article page