Particle characterization and toxicity in C57BL/6 mice following instillation of five different diesel exhaust particles designed to differ in physicochemical properties

Table 2 Extracted elemental mass fractions (μg/g)

Particles	DEP			HVO	RME	Reference values
Fuel	MK1 low sulfur diesel			Hydrotreated vegetable oil	Rapeseed methyl ester	NIST2975^a	CB^a	Ref.^bNIST2975	Ref.^cCB
Intake O₂%	9.7	13	17	13	13	NIST2975^a	CB^a	Ref.^bNIST2975	Ref.^cCB
V	14	6	ND	3	2	ND	ND	–	–
Cr	8	7	52	11	7	7/4	ND	–	–
Mn	92	53	ND	39	43	6/3	1/0	–	–
Fe	220	137	2115	247	116	663/516	9/12	0.0 ± 0.0	< 1
Co	2	1	88	1	1	0/0	ND	–	< 1
Ni	15	6	118	9	25	4/4	ND/1	–	–
Cu	2.349	629	13,160	1632	2291	23/13	10/1	0.0 ± 13	11
Ga	1	1	1	1	1	ND	ND/0	0.1 ± 0.1	< 1
As	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	1/2	0.5 ± 0.7	< 2
Se	2	0	ND	ND	0	ND	ND	0.9 ± 0.6	< 1
Rb	2	1	1	1	1	13,926/17,003	ND	16 ± 4	< 2
Sr	99	54	ND	41	37	2/1	1/1	–	–
Ag	0	0	1	0	0	0/0	0/0	–	< 2
Cd	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND/0	–	< 10
In	0	0	0	0	0	0/0	0/0	–	–
Cs	0	0	ND	0	0	ND	ND	–	–
Ba	15	10	ND	9	6	26/ND	ND	–	–
Hg	0	0	ND	0	ND	0/0	0/0	–	< 0.4
Tl	0	0	0	0	0	ND	ND	–	–
Pb	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	21/4	3/8	–	–
Bi	0	0	0	0	0	0/0	0/0	–	–
U	ND	0	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	–	< 0.2

Elemental mass fractions determined by semi-quantitative analysis by ICP-MS (μg/g particle) (ND = not detectable). Blank concentrations were subtracted. NIST2975 and CB were analyzed in duplicates (separated by slash).^aResults previously published in Bendtsen et al. (2019) [12]. ^bReference values from Ball et al. (2000) [33] (the study only analyzed Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, V, and Zn). Note that we extracted for significantly longer time (several days vs. overnight) and with 25% nitric acid instead of 0.1 M phosphate buffer. ^cReference values from the MAK-Collection for Occupational Health and Safety (written communication of unpublished data of Degussa) [34]

ISSN: 1743-8977