|
Particles
|
DEP
|
HVO
|
RME
|
Reference values
|
|---|
|
Fuel
|
MK1 low sulfur diesel
|
Hydrotreated vegetable oil
|
Rapeseed methyl ester
|
NIST2975a
|
CBa
|
Ref.bNIST2975
|
Ref.cCB
|
|---|
|
Intake O2%
|
9.7
|
13
|
17
|
13
|
13
|
|---|
|
V
|
14
|
6
|
ND
|
3
|
2
|
ND
|
ND
|
–
|
–
|
|
Cr
|
8
|
7
|
52
|
11
|
7
|
7/4
|
ND
|
–
|
–
|
|
Mn
|
92
|
53
|
ND
|
39
|
43
|
6/3
|
1/0
|
–
|
–
|
|
Fe
|
220
|
137
|
2115
|
247
|
116
|
663/516
|
9/12
|
0.0 ± 0.0
|
< 1
|
|
Co
|
2
|
1
|
88
|
1
|
1
|
0/0
|
ND
|
–
|
< 1
|
|
Ni
|
15
|
6
|
118
|
9
|
25
|
4/4
|
ND/1
|
–
|
–
|
|
Cu
|
2.349
|
629
|
13,160
|
1632
|
2291
|
23/13
|
10/1
|
0.0 ± 13
|
11
|
|
Ga
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
ND
|
ND/0
|
0.1 ± 0.1
|
< 1
|
|
As
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
1/2
|
0.5 ± 0.7
|
< 2
|
|
Se
|
2
|
0
|
ND
|
ND
|
0
|
ND
|
ND
|
0.9 ± 0.6
|
< 1
|
|
Rb
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
13,926/17,003
|
ND
|
16 ± 4
|
< 2
|
|
Sr
|
99
|
54
|
ND
|
41
|
37
|
2/1
|
1/1
|
–
|
–
|
|
Ag
|
0
|
0
|
1
|
0
|
0
|
0/0
|
0/0
|
–
|
< 2
|
|
Cd
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND/0
|
–
|
< 10
|
|
In
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0/0
|
0/0
|
–
|
–
|
|
Cs
|
0
|
0
|
ND
|
0
|
0
|
ND
|
ND
|
–
|
–
|
|
Ba
|
15
|
10
|
ND
|
9
|
6
|
26/ND
|
ND
|
–
|
–
|
|
Hg
|
0
|
0
|
ND
|
0
|
ND
|
0/0
|
0/0
|
–
|
< 0.4
|
|
Tl
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
ND
|
ND
|
–
|
–
|
|
Pb
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
21/4
|
3/8
|
–
|
–
|
|
Bi
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0/0
|
0/0
|
–
|
–
|
|
U
|
ND
|
0
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
ND
|
–
|
< 0.2
|
- Elemental mass fractions determined by semi-quantitative analysis by ICP-MS (μg/g particle) (ND = not detectable). Blank concentrations were subtracted. NIST2975 and CB were analyzed in duplicates (separated by slash).aResults previously published in Bendtsen et al. (2019) [12]. bReference values from Ball et al. (2000) [33] (the study only analyzed Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, V, and Zn). Note that we extracted for significantly longer time (several days vs. overnight) and with 25% nitric acid instead of 0.1 M phosphate buffer. cReference values from the MAK-Collection for Occupational Health and Safety (written communication of unpublished data of Degussa) [34]
