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Fig. 1 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 1

From: Particulate matters increase epithelial-mesenchymal transition and lung fibrosis through the ETS-1/NF-κB-dependent pathway in lung epithelial cells

Fig. 1

O-PMs induced cell migration and EMT development. a The migratory ability of A549 cells treated with 0, 25, 50, and 100 μg/mL O-PMs were measured by wound healing assays. Representative images of each group at different time points after wound formation are shown. The red lines represent the wound boundaries. Bar = 100 μm. The percentage of the wound area is expressed as the mean ± SEM, n = 3. b A Boyden chamber-based migration assay was used to measure the effect of 100 μg/mL O-PMs on A549 cell migration after 24 h. Representative images of migrating cells are shown. Bar = 100 μm. The quantification of cell migration is expressed as the mean ± SEM. c A549 cells were exposed to 0, 25, 50, 100 μg/mL O-PMs for 24 h. The expression levels of E-cadherin and vimentin in the cell lysates were measured by Western blot. GAPDH was used as an internal control. d The distribution of E-cadherin and vimentin expression in A549 cells with or without 100 μg/mL O-PMs for 24 h was determined by immunocytochemical staining. Bar = 100 μm. e Cells treated with 100 μg/mL O-PMs for 24 h displayed an elongated spindle-like morphology. Bar = 100 μm. f PMs particles were present in the cytoplasm, as determined by TEM. Bar = 2 μm. *p < 0.05 compared to control (Con) cells. †p < 0.05 compared to the Con group at the same treatment time

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