Fig. 3

Synovial fibroblasts from patients with MoM implant display increased ECM matrix production and contractility. a Collagen released by cultured synovial fibroblasts into the cell culture medium after 48 h. Bars represent mean + SEM. b-f Fibroblasts from MoM and primary THA were embedded in a collagen matrix and contraction was measured after 48 h, in serum-free medium (b), medium with 10% serum (c) or with cytokines (10 μg/ml PDGF (d), 5 μg/ml TGF-β1 (e) and 10 ng/mL IL-1β (f). Shown is mean ± SEM for gel contraction after 48 h of culture. Each individual data point is the average of 3 independent experiments using fibroblasts from each patient. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01