From: Controlled human exposures to wood smoke: a synthesis of the evidence
Ghio et al [16] | Sehlstedt et al [20] | Barregard et al [25, 26] Danielsen et al [27] Murgia et al [28] | Forchhammer et al [32] | Muala et al [35] | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emissions | |||||||
Major PM class | OC | OC/Soot | OC/Soot | OC/Soot | OC/Soot | Soot/Ash | Soot/Ash |
Exposure time | 2 h | 3 h | 1.5 h | 4 h | 3 h | 3 h | 3 h |
Exercise (y/n) | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | no | yes |
PM2.5 conc. (μg/m3) | 485 | 224 | low – 253.9 high – 506.2 | 243–279 | SUP – 221 BOP – 148 | low – 220.5 high – 352.38 | 314 |
Biomarkers | |||||||
Serum UAa | ↓ at 1.5 h (combined) [24] | ||||||
Serum TEACa | ↑ at 1.5 h, 2.5 h (combined) [24] | ||||||
Serum oxidative damage markers | |||||||
8-iso | ↑ at 1.5 h (high and low) [24] | ||||||
LOOH | ↓ at 2.5 h (combined) [24] | ||||||
3-NT | ↑ at 1.5 h (combined) [24] | ||||||
Serum MPO | ↓ at 1.5 h [24] | ||||||
Serum modified purines | |||||||
hOGG1 | ↑ at 24 h [27] | ||||||
oGG1 | ns | ||||||
Serum FPG sites | ns [27] | ns | |||||
Urine 8-iso-PGFa | ↑ at 24 h [22] | ↓ at 24 h (BOP), 44 h (SUP/BOP) [30] | |||||
EBC oxidative damage markers | |||||||
8-iso | ↑ at 2.5 h (combined) [22] | ns [28] | |||||
MDA | ↑ at 24 h [26] | ns [30] | |||||
BAL markers | |||||||
MPO | ns | ns | |||||
GSH | ↑ at 24 h | ns | |||||
GSx | ↑ at 24 h | ||||||
GSSG | ns | ns | |||||
BW markers | |||||||
MPO | ns | ↓ at 24 h | |||||
GSH | ns | ns | |||||
GSSG | ns | ns |