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Table 4 Effects of WS exposure on markers of oxidative stress. The table displays the significant effects of WS exposure per publication or effects that were reported in multiple publications (biomarkers only reported in one publication with non-significant results not included). A blank space indicates that the endpoint was not included in that study, ns indicates no significant effect observed, while arrows indicate significant increase (↑) or decrease (↓) due to WS exposure. All time points are taken with 0 h = start of controlled exposure. Abbreviations are denoted in the list of abbreviations in main text

From: Controlled human exposures to wood smoke: a synthesis of the evidence

 

Ghio et al [16]

Sehlstedt et al [20]

Ferguson et al [22] Peters et al [24]

Barregard et al [25, 26] Danielsen et al [27] Murgia et al [28]

Stockfelt et al [29, 30]

Forchhammer et al [32]

Muala et al [35]

Emissions

 Major PM class

OC

OC/Soot

OC/Soot

OC/Soot

OC/Soot

Soot/Ash

Soot/Ash

 Exposure time

2 h

3 h

1.5 h

4 h

3 h

3 h

3 h

 Exercise (y/n)

yes

yes

yes

yes

no

no

yes

 PM2.5 conc. (μg/m3)

485

224

low – 253.9 high – 506.2

243–279

SUP – 221 BOP – 148

low – 220.5 high – 352.38

314

Biomarkers

Serum UAa

  

↓ at 1.5 h (combined) [24]

    

Serum TEACa

  

↑ at 1.5 h, 2.5 h (combined) [24]

    

Serum oxidative damage markers

 8-iso

  

↑ at 1.5 h (high and low) [24]

    

 LOOH

  

↓ at 2.5 h (combined) [24]

    

 3-NT

  

↑ at 1.5 h (combined) [24]

    

Serum MPO

  

↓ at 1.5 h [24]

    

Serum modified purines

 hOGG1

   

↑ at 24 h [27]

   

 oGG1

     

ns

 

Serum FPG sites

   

ns [27]

 

ns

 

Urine 8-iso-PGFa

  

↑ at 24 h [22]

 

↓ at 24 h (BOP), 44 h (SUP/BOP) [30]

  

EBC oxidative damage markers

 8-iso

  

↑ at 2.5 h (combined) [22]

ns [28]

   

 MDA

   

↑ at 24 h [26]

ns [30]

  

BAL markers

 MPO

 

ns

    

ns

 GSH

 

↑ at 24 h

    

ns

 GSx

      

↑ at 24 h

 GSSG

 

ns

    

ns

BW markers

 MPO

 

ns

    

↓ at 24 h

 GSH

 

ns

    

ns

 GSSG

 

ns

    

ns

  1. aUA and TEAC are considered indicators of oxidative stress. See [39, 40] for more details