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Table 5 Effects of WS Exposure on Cardiovascular Physiology The table displays the significant effects of WS exposure per publication or effects that were reported in multiple publications (biomarkers only reported in one publication with non-significant results not included). A blank space indicates that the endpoint was not included in that study, ns indicates no significant effect observed, while arrows indicate significant increase (↑) or decrease (↓) due to WS exposure. All time points are taken with 0 h = start of controlled exposure. Abbreviations are denoted in the list of abbreviations in main text

From: Controlled human exposures to wood smoke: a synthesis of the evidence

 

Ghio et al [16]

Fedak et al [19]

Pope et al [21]

Forchhammer et al [32]

Bønløkke et al [33]

Unosson et al [34]

Hunter et al [36]

Emissions

 Major PM class

OC

OC/Soot

OC/Soot

Soot/Ash

Soot/Ash

Soot/Ash

Soot/Ash

 Exposure time

2 h

2 h

3 h

3 h

3 h

3 h

1 h

 Exercise (y/n)

yes

no

no

no

no

yes

yes

 PM2.5 conc. (μg/m3)

485

Gasifier – 46 Fan rocket – 95 Rocket elbow – 254 Three stone fire – 463

148

low – 220.5 high – 352.38

low – 220.5 high – 354.38

314

1115

Biomarkers

HRV

 SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50

ns

   

ns

↓ at 3 h

 

 Normalized High Frequency

ns

   

ns

↑ at 3 h

 

 High/Low Frequency

ns

   

ns

ns

 

Heart rate

maximal - ↓ at 2 h

   

ns

↓ at 3 h

ns

Blood pressure

 

↓ systolic pressure at 3 h (three stone fire)

↑ systolic pressure at 24 (gasifier, fan rocket, three stone fire)

   

ns

ns

MVF/MVRI

  

ns

ns

   

Arterial stiffness

     

↑ at 3 h

ns

Forearm blood flow - bradykinin infusion

      

↑ at 1 h

ECG

ns

   

ns

Augmentation Index - ↑ at 3 h

Augmentation Pressure - ↑ at 3 h

Pulse Wave Velocity - ↑ at 3 h

ns