From: Controlled human exposures to wood smoke: a synthesis of the evidence
Ghio et al [16] | Fedak et al [19] | Pope et al [21] | Forchhammer et al [32] | Bønløkke et al [33] | Unosson et al [34] | Hunter et al [36] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emissions | |||||||
Major PM class | OC | OC/Soot | OC/Soot | Soot/Ash | Soot/Ash | Soot/Ash | Soot/Ash |
Exposure time | 2 h | 2 h | 3 h | 3 h | 3 h | 3 h | 1 h |
Exercise (y/n) | yes | no | no | no | no | yes | yes |
PM2.5 conc. (μg/m3) | 485 | Gasifier – 46 Fan rocket – 95 Rocket elbow – 254 Three stone fire – 463 | 148 | low – 220.5 high – 352.38 | low – 220.5 high – 354.38 | 314 | 1115 |
Biomarkers | |||||||
HRV | |||||||
SDNN, RMSSD, pNN50 | ns | ns | ↓ at 3 h | ||||
Normalized High Frequency | ns | ns | ↑ at 3 h | ||||
High/Low Frequency | ns | ns | ns | ||||
Heart rate | maximal - ↓ at 2 h | ns | ↓ at 3 h | ns | |||
Blood pressure | ↓ systolic pressure at 3 h (three stone fire) ↑ systolic pressure at 24 (gasifier, fan rocket, three stone fire) | ns | ns | ||||
MVF/MVRI | ns | ns | |||||
Arterial stiffness | ↑ at 3 h | ns | |||||
Forearm blood flow - bradykinin infusion | ↑ at 1 h | ||||||
ECG | ns | ns | Augmentation Index - ↑ at 3 h Augmentation Pressure - ↑ at 3 h Pulse Wave Velocity - ↑ at 3 h | ns |