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Fig. 1 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 1

From: Quartz crystal microbalances (QCM) are suitable for real-time dosimetry in nanotoxicological studies using VITROCELL®Cloud cell exposure systems

Fig. 1

a Configuration of a typical crystal microbalance (QCM) and Butterworth-van-Dyke (BvD) equivalent circuit [56] (C0: electrical capacitance; C1: motional capacitance; L1: motional inductance; R1: motional resistance; A: effective area of the crystal; ZL: load impedance); b Nebulization and sedimentation of liquid solutions or nanoparticle suspensions using the VITROCELL® Cloud 6 system equipped with a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) (adapted from Lenz et al. 2014 [29]); c Schematic view of cell cultivation on transwell inserts. First, cells are grown under submerged conditions (4d, until confluency) followed by air-lifting with a 24 h acclimatization phase and subsequent ZnO-aerosol exposure at the air-liquid interface

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Particle and Fibre Toxicology

ISSN: 1743-8977

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