Occupational exposure to carbon black nanoparticles increases inflammatory vascular disease risk: an implication of an ex vivo biosensor assay

Tang, Jinglong; Cheng, Wenting; Gao, Jinling; Li, Yanting; Yao, Ruyong; Rothman, Nathaniel; Lan, Qing; Campen, Matthew J.; Zheng, Yuxin; Leng, Shuguang

doi:10.1186/s12989-020-00378-8

Table 4 Mediation effect of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 on individual biosensor genes in 106 non-CBPs and 82 CBPs^a

From: Occupational exposure to carbon black nanoparticles increases inflammatory vascular disease risk: an implication of an ex vivo biosensor assay

Biosensor	Variable	IQR in non-CBPs	Factor – biosensor association^a		Carbon black – biosensor association^a		Mediation effect^b
Biosensor	Variable	IQR in non-CBPs	Estimate (SE)	P	Estimate (SE)	P	PM	P_perm
ICAM	Carbon black exposure				−0.392 (0.168) (c)^c	0.021
	TNF-α (pg/ml)	94.3	−0.229 (0.069) (b)	0.0011	0.025 (0.206) (c’)	0.903	1.00	0.006
	IL-1β (pg/ml)	6.2	−0.154 (0.023) (b)	< 0.0001	−0.184 (0.154) (c’)	0.235	0.53	0.004
	IL-6 (pg/ml)	52.1	−0.076 (0.034) (b)	0.029	−0.143 (0.201) (c’)	0.478	0.64	0.05
	CRP (mg/L)	0.75	−0.028 (0.024) (b)	0.243	−0.338 (0.174) (c’)	0.054	NM
	MIP-1β (ng/ml)	1.05	−0.065 (0.038) (b)	0.083	−0.231 (0.191) (c’)	0.230	NM
VCAM	Carbon black exposure				−0.689 (0.227) (c)^c	0.0027
	TNF-α (pg/ml)	94.3	−0.313 (0.093) (b)	0.0009	−0.120 (0.278) (c’)	0.667	0.83	0.004
	IL-1β (pg/ml)	6.2	−0.016 (0.035) (b)	0.639	−0.667 (0.232) (c’)	0.0045	NM
	IL-6 (pg/ml)	52.1	−0.123 (0.046) (b)	0.008	−0.282 (0.270) (c’)	0.297	0.59	0.038
	CRP (mg/L)	0.75	−0.063 (0.032) (b)	0.050	−0.566 (0.234) (c’)	0.016	0.18	0.092
	MIP-1β (ng/ml)	1.05	−0.083 (0.051) (b)	0.104	−0.484 (0.258) (c’)	0.062	NM
CCL2	Carbon black exposure				−0.567 (0.221) (c)^c	0.011
	TNF-α (pg/ml)	94.3	−0.319 (0.090) (b)	0.0005	0.014 (0.270) (c’)	0.959	1.00	0.004
	IL-1β (pg/ml)	6.2	0.000072 (0.034) (b)	0.998	−0.567 (0.226) (c’)	0.013	NM
	IL-6 (pg/ml)	52.1	−0.082 (0.045) (b)	0.073	−0.298 (0.265) (c’)	0.264	0.47	0.068
	CRP (mg/L)	0.75	−0.031 (0.031) (b)	0.319	−0.505 (0.229) (c’)	0.0287	NM
	MIP-1β (ng/ml)	1.05	−0.061 (0.050) (b)	0.223	−0.417 (0.252) (c’)	0.100	NM
CXCL8	Carbon black exposure				−3.181 (0.421) (c)^c	< 0.0001
	TNF-α (pg/ml)	94.3	−0.751 (0.168) (b)	< 0.0001	−1.814 (0.504) (c’)	0.0004	0.43	< 0.002
	IL-1β (pg/ml)	6.2	−0.039 (0.064) (b)	0.550	−3.129 (0.430) (c’)	< 0.0001	NM
	IL-6 (pg/ml)	52.1	−0.347 (0.083) (b)	< 0.0001	−2.038 (0.487) (c’)	< 0.0001	0.36	< 0.002
	CRP (mg/L)	0.75	−0.070 (0.059) (b)	0.240	−3.044 (0.436) (c’)	< 0.0001	NM
	MIP-1β (ng/ml)	1.05	−0.311 (0.092) (b)	0.0009	−2.418 (0.468) (c’)	< 0.0001	0.24	0.006
CCL5	Carbon black exposure				−0.479 (0.145) (c)^c	0.0012
	TNF-α (pg/ml)	94.3	−0.268 (0.058) (b)	< 0.0001	0.008 (0.174) (c’)	0.963	1.00	< 0.002
	IL-1β (pg/ml)	6.2	−0.061 (0.022) (b)	0.0057	−0.397 (0.146) (c’)	0.0071	0.17	0.01
	IL-6 (pg/ml)	52.1	−0.069 (0.030) (b)	0.020	−0.251 (0.174) (c’)	0.150	0.48	0.01
	CRP (mg/L)	0.75	−0.039 (0.020) (b)	0.054	−0.402 (0.150) (c’)	0.008	0.16	0.056
	MIP-1β (ng/ml)	1.05	−0.104 (0.032) (b)	0.0014	−0.224 (0.162) (c’)	0.168	0.53	0.002

CBP Carbon black packer, IQR Inter-quartile range, SE Standard error, GLM Generalized linear model
^aGLM was used to assess the association (c’) between carbon black exposure and delta Ct of selected biosensor genes with age, overweight and obesity, current smoking status, packyears, passage of cells, and cytokines or chemokines (b) included as covariate for adjustment. Non-transformed data of cytokine and chemokine levels were used in GLM. c’ and b should be referred to Fig. 1
^bThe proportion mediated effect size that quantifies the proportion of a total effect mediated was calculated using the following equation: (c-c’) / c. The database was permuted for 500 times to generate a null distribution of c-c’. P_perm was calculated as the number of permuted databases generating a c-c’ that is less than observed value divided by 500. c should be referred to Fig. 1
^cGLM was used to assess the association between carbon black and delta Ct of selected biosensor genes in 106 non-CBPs and 82 CBPs with adjustment for age, overweight and obesity, current smoking status, and packyears, and passage of cells. c should be referred to Fig. 1

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