Table 2 A summary of epidemiological studies of the association between wildfire smoke exposure and cardiovascular effects
From: Cardiovascular health impacts of wildfire smoke exposure
Study | Exposure measurement | Endpoints | Association |
|---|---|---|---|
Cardiovascular morbidity | |||
Mott et al. [105] | Smoky vs. non-smoky periods | Overall cardiorespiratory | ↑ |
IHD | → | ||
Circulatory disease | → | ||
Moore et al. [103] | Temporal comparison | All CVD | → |
Johnston et al. [73] | Monitored PM10 | All CVD | → |
IHD | ↑ | ||
Hanigan, Johnston, and Morgan [65] | Modeled PM10 | All circulatory | → |
IHD | → | ||
Delfino et al. [41] | Estimated PM2.5 and PM10 | All CVD | → |
IHD | → | ||
HF | → | ||
Other | → | ||
Henderson et al. [68] | Modeled PM10 | All CVD | → |
Lee et al. [86] | Monitored PM10 | Circulatory | ↑ |
CAD | ↑ | ||
Morgan et al. [104] | Monitored PM10 | All CVD | ↑ |
Cardiac | ↑ | ||
IHD | → | ||
Stroke | → | ||
Schranz, Castillo, and Vilke [137] | Temporal comparison | CAD | → |
CHD | → | ||
Henderson et al. [67] | Modeled PM10 | All CVD | → |
Rappold et al. [121] | Temporal and spatial comparison | All CVD | → |
MI | → | ||
HF | ↑ | ||
Crabbe [37] | Monitored PM10, coarse PM, fine PM, black carbon | CVD | ↑ |
Rappold et al. [118] | Modeled PM2.5 | Congestive HF | ↑ |
Hejl et al. [66] | Temporal comparison | Blood cardiovascular markers | ↑ |
Martin et al. [94] | Smoky vs. non-smoky periods | Arrythmia | → |
Cardiac failure | → | ||
Cerebrovascular disease | → | ||
IHD | → | ||
Gaughan et al. [55] | Urinary levoglucosan level | Mean augmentation index % | ↑ |
Rappold et al. [119] | Modeled PM2.5 | Congestive HF | ↑ |
Johnston et al. [76] | Smoky vs. non-smoky periods | All CVD | → |
IHD | ↑ | ||
Arrythmias | ↑ | ||
Cerebrovascular disease | → | ||
Cardiac failure | ↑ | ||
Le et al. [85] | Temporal comparison, monitored PM2.5 | All CVD | ↑ |
IHD | ↑ | ||
HF | ↑ | ||
Cerebrovascular disease | → | ||
Heart rate disturbances | ↑ | ||
Dennekamp et al. [43] | Monitored PM2.5, PM10, CO, O3, SO2, NO2 | Cardiac arrest | ↑ |
Haikerwal et al. [64] | Modeled PM2.5 | Cardiac arrest | ↑ |
IHD | ↑ | ||
Acute MI | → | ||
Angina | → | ||
Resnick et al. [126] | Temporal comparison | All CVD | ↑ |
IHD | → | ||
Hypertension | → | ||
Cerebrovascular disease | ↑ | ||
Disease of veins, lymphatics, and circulatory system | ↑ | ||
Alman et al. [8] | Monitored PM2.5 | CVD | → |
Acute MI | → | ||
IHD | → | ||
Dysrhythmia | → | ||
Ostro et al. [111] | Modeled source-apportionment PM2.5 | All CVD | → |
IHD | → | ||
MI | → | ||
Dysrhythmia | ↑ | ||
HF | → | ||
Temporal comparison and modeled PM2.5 | All CVD | → | |
IHD | → | ||
CHD | → | ||
Congestive HF | → | ||
Tinling et al. [149] | Modeled PM2.5 | All-cause cardiac conditions | ↑ |
Cardiac dysrhythmia | ↑ | ||
HF | → | ||
Hypertension | ↑ | ||
Yao, Eyamie, and Henderson 2016) [165] | Smoky vs. non-smoky periods | CVD | ↑ |
Gan et al. [53] | Modeled PM2.5 | CVD | ↑ |
Arrhythmia | → | ||
Cerebrovascular disease | ↑ | ||
HF | → | ||
IHD | → | ||
MI | → | ||
Garcia-Olivé et al. [54] | Burnt area % (spatial comparison) | Acute MI | → |
HF | → | ||
CVD | → | ||
Liu et al. [88] | Temporal comparison and modeled PM2.5 | ||
Parthum, Pindilli, and Hogan [114] | Modeled PM2.5 | CHF | ↑ |
Cardiopulmonary disease | ↑ | ||
Salimi et al. [133] | Monitored PM2.5 | Cardiac arrest | ↑ |
Stroke | ↑ | ||
Other heart problems | ↑ | ||
Weichenthal et al. [160] | Monitored PM2.5 | MI | ↑ |
Wettstein et al. [161] | Smoke density | All CVD | ↑ |
Hypertension | ↑ | ||
IHD | → | ||
MI | ↑ | ||
Dysrhythmia | ↑ | ||
HF | ↑ | ||
Ischemic stroke | ↑ | ||
Abdo et al. [2] | Modeled PM2.5 | Gestational hypertension | ↑ |
Deflorio-Barker et al. [40] | Smoke vs non-smoke days | Cardiopulmonary | → |
Stowell et al. [147] | Modeled PM2.5 | Acute MI | → |
Congestive HF | → | ||
Dysrhythmia | → | ||
IHD | → | ||
Cerebrovascular disease | → | ||
CVD | → | ||
Jones et al. [77] | Modeled PM2.5 | Cardiac arrest | ↑ |
Cardiovascular mortality | |||
Vedal and Dutton [157] | Monitored PM2.5 and PM10 | Cardiorespiratory | → |
Analitis, Georgiadis, and Katsouyanni [10] | Areas burnt (spatial comparison) | CVD | ↑ |
Marlier et al. [92] | Modeled PM2.5 and O3 | CVD | ↑ |
Nunes, Ignotti, and Hacon [109] | Modeled PM2.5 | CVD | ↑ |
Acute MI | ↑ | ||
Cerebrovascular disease | → | ||
Shaposhnikov et al. [143] | Monitored PM10 | IHD | ↑ |
Cerebrovascular disease | ↑ | ||
Linares et al. [87] | Temporal comparison, monitored PM2.5 and PM10 | Circulatory disease | → |
Faustini et al. [48] | Smoky vs. non-smoky days | CVD | ↑ |
Kollanus et al. [84] | Monitored PM2.5 | CVD | ↑ |
Navarro et al. [107] | Modeled PM2.5 | CVD | ↑ |
Uda, Hein, and Atmoko [153] | Modeled PM2.5 | CVD | ↑ |