Fig. 2
Effects of Co3O4-NPs on rat ventricular action potential. a) Representative superimposed AP waveforms recorded at the pacing rate of 5 Hz from the three cell groups. Panels b-f: mean values ± SEM of membrane capacitance (b, Cm), resting membrane potential (c, Vr), AP amplitude (d, APA), and AP duration at − 20 (e, APD-20mV) and − 60 mV (f, APD-60mV), recorded in CTRL (n = 21), NPc5 (n = 14), and NPc50 (n = 23) cardiomyocytes. *, p< 0.05 vs CTRL; #, p< 0.05 vs NPc5 (GLM-ANOVA for repeated measurements)