Fig. 2
From: Mechanisms of lung toxicity induced by biomass burning aerosols
Cell toxicity after exposure to wood tar extract. Cells were exposed to water-soluble extracts of a wood tar solution with a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml or 2 mg/ml for 5 or 24 h prior to the analysis, as specified. a PI-positive cells were detected by flow cytometry (ZE5 Cell Analyzer, Bio-Rad) as a measurement of cell viability. b Flow cytometry histogram after 5 h of exposure. c Flow cytometry histogram after 24 h of exposure. The data are expressed as the mean ± SD. Means marked with different letters are significantly different from each other at p < 0.05. d TEM images of control (blank-treated) cells, 0.2 mg/ml wood tar extract-treated cells, and 2 mg/ml wood tar extract-treated cells after 5 h of exposure. M, mitochondria; N, nucleus; V, vacuoles. e Flow cytometry histogram of apoptosis stages determined after 5 h of exposure using the Guava Nexin Reagent