Fig. 2
From: Biotransformation of rare earth oxide nanoparticles eliciting microbiota imbalance
Assessments of the interaction at La2O3-membrane interface. a Visualizing La2O3 in E. coli by TEM. E. coli cells were exposed to La2O3 at 250 μg/mL. After fixation in glutaraldehyde, cells were stained and sliced for TEM observation. Pristine La2O3 and LaPO4 were also examined by TEM. b EDX spectra and elemental mapping analysis. The chemical composite of pellets transformed at the interfaces of cell membrane were examined. c XRD analysis for the pristine particles and LaPO4. d LC-MS analysis of PC exposed to La2O3. After 4 h incubation with La2O3, PC was collected and extracted for LC-MS examination