Fig. 4
From: Biotransformation of rare earth oxide nanoparticles eliciting microbiota imbalance
Validation of La2O3 induced membrane fluidity and permeability changes. a Detection of the polarization of TMA-DPH intercalating in cell membranes. E. coli and B. subtilis cells were incubated with 250 μg/mL La2O3 or LaPO4 for 2 h. TMA-DPH probe (5 μL, 2 mM) was added to intercalate bacterial membrane, and the polarization of TMA-DPH was measured at ex/em 360 nm/460 nm by a 66 FP module at Microplate Reader. b Examination of β-galactosidase release. After treatment, the supernatants of particle treated cells were collected to incubate with β-galactosidase substrate for luminance examination. Columns and error bars represent the mean and the standard deviation of three replicates. ***p < 0.001 compared to controls by two-tailed Student’s t-test