Chemistry, lung toxicity and mutagenicity of burn pit smoke-related particulate matter

Kim, Yong Ho; Warren, Sarah H.; Kooter, Ingeborg; Williams, Wanda C.; George, Ingrid J.; Vance, Samuel A.; Hays, Michael D.; Higuchi, Mark A.; Gavett, Stephen H.; DeMarini, David M.; Jaspers, Ilona; Gilmour, M. Ian

doi:10.1186/s12989-021-00435-w

Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Table 2 Mutagenic potencies and mutagenicity EFs of the burn pit smoke PM in Salmonella TA98 ± S9 and TA100 + S9

From: Chemistry, lung toxicity and mutagenicity of burn pit smoke-related particulate matter

Model outcomes	Plywood		Cardboard		Plastic		Mixture		Mixture/diesel
Model outcomes	Smoldering	Flaming	Smoldering	Flaming	Smoldering	Flaming	Smoldering	Flaming	Smoldering	Flaming
TA98 + S9
rev/µg EOM	0.024 ± 0.005	3.610 ± 0.310	0.049 ± 0.012	2.320 ± 0.120	0.030 ± 0.008	3.330 ± 0.140	0.040 ± 0.008	4.220 ± 0.300	0.018 ± 0.005	3.910 ± 0.220
rev/µg PM	0.015 ± 0.003	2.130 ± 0.183	0.030 ± 0.007	0.882 ± 0.046	0.021 ± 0.006	1.299 ± 0.055	0.028 ± 0.006	2.068 ± 0.147	0.013 ± 0.004	2.542 ± 0.143
rev × 10⁵/kg fuel	23.34 ± 4.86	57.29 ± 4.92	24.81 ± 6.08	3.44 ± 0.18	51.97 ± 13.85	472.72 ± 19.87	42.00 ± 8.40	26.26 ± 1.87	24.03 ± 6.67	55.91 ± 3.15
rev × 10⁵/MJ_th	1.17 ± 0.24	2.86 ± 0.25	1.42 ± 0.35	0.20 ± 0.01	1.60 ± 0.43	14.55 ± 0.61	1.86 ± 0.37	1.16 ± 0.08	1.06 ± 0.30	2.47 ± 0.14
TA98 -S9
rev/µg EOM	0.050 ± 0.010	4.910 ± 0.490	0.021 ± 0.004	2.610 ± 0.150	0.0 ± 0.0^a	1.050 ± 0.250	0.0 ± 0.0^a	3.670 ± 0.200	0.024 ± 0.009	1.810 ± 0.250
rev/µg PM	0.032 ± 0.006	2.897 ± 0.289	0.013 ± 0.002	0.992 ± 0.057	0.0 ± 0.0	0.410 ± 0.098	0.0 ± 0.0	1.798 ± 0.098	0.017 ± 0.006	1.177 ± 0.163
rev × 10⁵/kg fuel	48.64 ± 9.73	77.93 ± 7.78	10.63 ± 2.03	3.87 ± 0.22	0.0 ± 0.0	149.06 ± 35.49	0.0 ± 0.0	22.83 ± 1.24	32.04 ± 12.01	25.88 ± 3.58
rev × 10⁵/MJ_th	2.43 ± 0.49	3.90 ± 0.39	0.61 ± 0.12	0.22 ± 0.01	0.0 ± 0.0	4.59 ± 1.09	0.0 ± 0.0	1.01 ± 0.06	1.42 ± 0.53	1.15 ± 0.16
TA100 + S9
rev/µg EOM	No data^b	6.580 ± 0.960	No data^b	6.570 ± 0.890	No data^b	12.960 ± 1.640	No data^b	8.130 ± 0.810	No data^b	14.320 ± 2.820
rev/µg PM	No data^b	3.882 ± 0.566	No data^b	2.497 ± 0.338	No data^b	5.054 ± 0.640	No data^b	3.984 ± 0.397	No data^b	9.308 ± 1.833
rev × 10⁵/kg fuel	No data^b	104.43 ± 15.23	No data^b	9.74 ± 1.32	No data^b	1839.80 ± 232.81	No data^b	50.59 ± 5.04	No data^b	186.16 ± 36.66
rev × 10⁵/MJ_th	No data^b	5.22 ± 0.76	No data^b	0.56 ± 0.08	No data^b	56.61 ± 7.16	No data^b	2.24 ± 0.22	No data^b	8.24 ± 1.62

Mutagenic potencies of the EOM (rev/µg EOM ± SEM) are slopes of linear regressions calculated from the dose–response data (rev/plate) from 4 independent experiments for the smoldering samples (Additional file 1: Fig. S2) and 2 independent experiments for the flaming samples (Additional file 1: Fig. S3). Mutagenic potencies of the PM (rev/µg PM ± SEM) were calculated by multiplying the rev/µg EOM values by the %EOM for each fuel in Table 1. Mutagenicity emission factors (EFs) of the PM (rev/kg fuel) were calculated by multiplying the rev/µg PM values by the PM emission factors for each fuel in Table 1. Mutagenicity EFs of the PM (rev/MJ_th) were calculated by dividing the rev/kg fuel values by the heat energy (MJ_th/kg fuel) of each fuel, which was 20.00 for the plywood [98], 17.5 for the cardboard [99], 32.5 for the plastic [100], and 22.6 for the mixture and mixture/diesel [100]
^aSamples with slopes with trend tests with P > 0.05 were considered non-mutagenic and given a mutagenic potency of zero
^bInsufficient sample available to generate dose–response curves; most samples were negative at 1000 µg EOM/plate

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ISSN: 1743-8977

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