Fig. 1

Characterization of ZnONPs. A The shape and size of ZnONPs used in this study were determined by transmission electron microscopy. B The hydrodynamic size of ZnONPs in distilled water were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS). C The hydrodynamic size of ZnONPs in complete culture medium (DMEM with 10% FBS) were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). D Characterization of the diameter, hydrodynamic diameter in distilled water and complete medium, polydispersity index (P.I.) and zeta potential of ZnONPs. Values are presented as the mean ± standard deviation averaged over three replicates