Table 1 Summary of the average aerosol concentrations and characteristics during exposures in the chamber

Particle phase

PM1 (µg m⁻³) (Gravimetric)

93 ± 13

 ~ 1^a

 ~ 1^a

PM1 Total Carbon (TC, µg m⁻³)

82 ± 10

 < 1

 < 1

 EC/TC (%)

66 ± 3

–

–

 OC/TC (%)

34 ± 3

–

–

PM1 (µg m⁻³) (SMPS and \({\rho }_{eff}\))

81 ± 9

0.0 ± 0.0

0.5 ± 0.5

GMD_mass (nm)

114

–

–

GSD_mass (nm)

1.48

–

–

PN (cm⁻³)

3.0 · 10⁵

9.0 · 10¹

7.1 · 10¹

PN std. dev

0.3 · 10⁵

4.1 · 10¹

4.3 · 10¹

GMD_PN (nm)

71

47.2

–

GSD_PN (nm)

1.64

1.46

–

Surface area (cm⁻² cm⁻³)

9.5 · 10^–5

–

–

Surface area std. dev (cm⁻² cm⁻³)

1.4 · 10^–5

–

–

Particle phase PAHs^b (ng m⁻³)

43 ± 3

0.3 ± 0.7

0.2 ± 0.2

Gas phase

Gas phase PAHs^b (ng m⁻³)

850 ± 48

97 ± 11

116 ± 29

Formaldehyde (µg m⁻³)

51 ± 6

 < 8

 < 8

Sum BTEX (µg m⁻³)

7.9 ± 2.5

1.7 ± 0.3

1.3 ± 0.1

VOCs (ppb)

333 ± 69

11 ± 5

 < 10

NO (ppm)

3.4 ± 0.1

2.0 ± 0.1

 < 0.001

NO₂ (ppm)

0.57 ± 0.04

0.70 ± 0.04

 < 0.001

NO/NO₂ ratio

5.7

2.9

-

CO₂ (ppm)

1344 ± 143

1332 ± 135

813 ± 140