Lung function and self-rated symptoms in healthy volunteers after exposure to hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) exhaust with and without particles

Table 8 The input parameters for the MPPD model used for estimating the respiratory tract particle deposition

MPPD model input data		HVO_PM+NOx	Diesel [15]
	Model	Yeh/Schum Symmetric
	Functional residual capacity^a (mL) (median, min–max)	3200 (2680–3750)
	Upper respiratory tract volume (mL)	50
Particle properties*	Density at MMD (g cm⁻³)	0.84	0.42
	PM1 mass (µg m⁻³) (average ± 1 std. dev.)	93 ± 13	276 ± 56
	Mass Median Diameter (MMD) (µm)	0.108	0.195
	GSD	1.48	1.65
Exposure scenario	Inhalability adjustment	No
	Acceleration of gravity (m s⁻²)	9.81
	Body orientation	Upright
	Respiratory rate^b (min⁻¹) (median, min–max)	17.1 (13.3–24.9)
	Tidal volume^c (mL) (median, min–max)	875 (440–1500)
	Inspiratory fraction	0.5
	Breathing scenario	Nasal

The aerosol characteristics from a previous diesel exposure study [15] were included and used in the MPPD model to compare the respiratory deposition of HVO and petroleum diesel. The MPPD model’s reference values from ICRP [78] for upper respiratory tract volume and inspiratory fraction were used
^*Properties from the exposure aerosol characterization. ^aCalculated by height, age and sex following the guidelines of the European Respiratory Society [79]. ^bMeasured with a respiratory inductance plethysmograph (Nox T3 breathing belt, Nox Medical, ResMed) and analyzed with Noxturnal Software 5.1. ^cMeasured by a forced oscillometry technique with the Tremoflo (THORASYS, Thoracic Medical System Inc., Montreal, Canada)

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