Fig. 14
Probiotic treatment alters circulating cytokine concentrations in mice on high-fat diet exposed to inhaled DEP. Mean concentration for circulating inflammatory factors: A IL-1α, B IL-3, C IL-13, D IL-15, E G-CSF, F LIF, G MIP-2, H RANTES, and I TNF-α measured in plasma in C57Bl/6 male mice on high-fat (HF) diet exposed to diesel exhaust particles (DEP- 35 μg PM) or saline control (CON) twice a week for four weeks with a subset of mice given 0.3 g/day (~ 7.5 × 107 cfu/day) of Ecologic® Barrier probiotics (PRO) in the drinking water throughout the exposures. Data are depicted as ± SEM with *p < 0.05 compared to HF + CON, †p < 0.05 compared to HF + DEP, and ‡p < 0.05 compared to HF + CON + PRO, and ◦p < 0.07 compared to HF + DEP by two-way ANOVA