Fig. 3

β-Amyloid pathology in 5xFAD transgenic mice. Accumulation of Aβ42 (brown staining) in cortex and hippocampus of 5xFAD mice exposed orally to SiO₂ [0.1%, 1%] and CeO₂ [0.1%, 1%] nanomaterials. Representative images of hippocampus and cortex are shown for each treatment after 3 weeks exposure (A) and after 14 weeks exposure (D). The graphs represent mean ± SEM of plaque load, determined using image analysis software and calculated as the percentage area occupied by Aβ immunostaining in hippocampus (B, E) and cortex (C, F) of mice after 3 weeks (B, C) and after 14 weeks exposure (E, F). Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA with Dunnett post-hoc analysis; *p < 0.01 versus mice exposed to control feed pellets. Number of animals per group: 3 weeks 5xFAD control (n = 10); SiO₂ 0.1% (n = 10); SiO₂ 1% (n = 9); CeO₂ 0.1% (n = 10). CeO₂ 1% (n = 10); 14 weeks 5xFAD control (n = 11); SiO₂ 0.1% (n = 9); SiO₂ 1% (n = 10); CeO₂ 0.1% (n = 10). CeO₂ 1% (n = 10)