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Table 1 Summary of modifications in membrane composition in Caco-2 cells exposed to NM-103 and NM-104 at a concentration of 3.13 Âµg/cm2 for 1 week, 2 weeks and for 1 week with a 1-week recovery period

From: Chronic effects of two rutile TiO2 nanomaterials in human intestinal and hepatic cell lines

Caco-2

NM103

NM104

Ion m/z

Putative identity

Effect

Recoverable

Effect

Recoverable

177

Asparagine

↑

✓

ND

ND

179

Alanine

↑

✓

ND

ND

493

Lyso-sphingomyelin (d20:1)

↑ (2 weeks)

–

ND

ND

495

Lyso-sphingomyelin (d20:0)

↑ (2 weeks)

–

ND

ND

531

Lyso-phosphatidylglycerol (C20:5)

ND

ND

↓

✓

545

Lyso-phosphatidylinositol (C14:0)

ND

ND

↓

✓

557

Lyso-phosphatidylglycerol (C22:6)

ND

ND

↓

✓

571

Lyso-phosphatidylinositol (C16:1)

ND

ND

↓

✓

625

Lyso-phosphatidylinositol (C20:2)

↓

✗

↓

✗

629

Lyso-phosphatidylinositol (C20:0)

↓

✗

↓

✗

687

Phosphatidylglycerol (C30:3)

↓

✗

↓

✗

715

phosphatidylglycerol (C32:4)

↓

✗

↓

✗

  1. Presented ions represent ion yields for characteristic biomarker ions which were used to separate the treatment groups