Exposure to lead-free frangible firing emissions containing copper and ultrafine particulates leads to increased oxidative stress in firing range instructors

Table 4 Symptoms reported by range instructors on post-shift questionnaires per base

Symptoms,	Combined n = 50	WPAFB n = 31	JBC n = 19
Chest Tightness	18.0%	16.1%	21.1%
Metallic Taste	18.0%	22.6%	10.5%
Sore/Scratchy Throat	16.0%	9.70%	26.3%
Itchy/Watery Eyes⁺	12.0%	6.50%	21.1%
Headache⁺⁺	10.0%	12.9%	5.30%
Cough	10.0%	6.50%	15.8%
Nausea/Appetite Loss	10.0%	16.1%	0.00%
Breathing Trouble	8.00%	9.70%	5.30%
Runny/Itchy/Congested Nose	4.00%	3.20%	5.30%
Chills/aches	2.00%	0.00%	5.30%
Dizziness	2.00%	0.00%	5.30%
Wheezing	2.00%	0.00%	5.30%

⁺Post-shift eye irritation was reported significantly more at JBC than WPAFB (p = 0.0454)
⁺⁺Three (14%) questionnaires from a JBC control indicated headache. No other symptoms were reported by control groups

ISSN: 1743-8977