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Fig. 3 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 3

From: TFEB-lysosome pathway activation is associated with different cell death responses to carbon quantum dots in Kupffer cells and hepatocytes

Fig. 3

CDs caused different autophagic flux processes in the two hepatocytes. A TEM observations showed changes to the intracellular subcellular structure of KUP5 and AML12 cells after 12 h treatment with 0 and 400 μg/mL CDs. The red arrow shows the autophagosomes and the yellow arrow shows the autophagolysosomes. B–E Expression of autophagy-related proteins LC3-II/LC3-I, p62 and Becline1 in KUP5 and AML12 cells after 6 h treatment with 0, 100 and 400 μg/mL CDs. F Transfection of mRFP-GFP-LC3 plasmid into KUP5 and AML12 cells. Changes in autophagy after treatment with 0 and 400 μg/mL CDs for 12 h were observed by confocal laser microscopy. Blue is the nucleus; yellow-green fluorescence after fusion indicates that autophagic flux is blocked; red fluorescence after fusion mostly indicates that autophagic flux is unimpeded. N = 3 replications. All values are mean ± SD. The statistical significance of differences was evaluated by one-way ANOVA. Compared with the control group. *, P < 0.05

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