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Fig. 5 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 5

From: Pulmonary dust foci as rat pneumoconiosis lesion induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in 13-week inhalation study

Fig. 5

Additional analyses of alveolar macrophages (AMs) in BALF cytospin cytology. Various states of AMs phagocytosing TiO2 NPs were found by careful observation of BALF cytospin specimens (A). AMs that phagocytosed one or more TiO2 NPs were defined as TiO2 NP-laden AMs. AMs that phagocytosed TiO2 NPs until the nucleus was no longer visible were defined as Over-stuffed AMs. AMs that disintegrated into particles and cellular debris were defined as Burst AMs. The percentage of TiO2 NP-laden AMs (B, C), Over-stuffed AMs (D, E), and Burst AMs (F, G) were counted, and are shown by sex (males: B, D and F; females: C, E and G) (n = 5). Statistical significance was analyzed using Dunn’s or Dunnett’s multiple comparison test: **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001

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