Fig. 8
ADMA promotes the PM2.5-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress in RAW264.7 macrophages. RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with 50 μg/ml PM2.5 with 0–50 μM ADMA for 6 h. A–D The mRNA levels of IL-6 (A), IL-1β (B) and TNFα (C) and the intracellular ROS levels D were measured. E Cells were treated with 50 μg/ml PM2.5 in the presence or absence of 50 μM ADMA for 6 h, and then intracellular NO levels were measured. F Cells were exposed to 50 μg/ml PM2.5 with or without 50 μM ADMA for 12 h, and then the cell lysates were examined by Western blot. G–I Cell were treated with 50 μg/ml PM2.5 with or without 20 μM ADMA or 2 μM 1400 W for 6 h, and then the mRNA levels of IL-6 (G), IL-1β (H) and TNFα (I) and the intracellular ROS levels (I) were measured. K Cells were transfected with PQCXIN-empty or PQCXIN-iNOS expression vector and cell lysates were examined by Western blot. L Control and iNOS-overexpressing cells were treated with 20 μM ADMA for 6 h, and then the intracellular ROS levels I were measured. N = 3, data are presented as the mean ± SD; *indicates p < 0.05, **indicates p < 0.01