Ag NP p-chem | Experimental model and mode of exposure | Exposure dose, sampling time | Biological/toxicological Endpoints | Actual measurements and methods | Result | Potential key event(s) (KE nr. from AOP-Wiki)a | Potential adverse outcomes (AOs) associated with the key event (AO nr. from AOP-Wikia | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Size: 50 nm Shape: Spherical Hydrodynamic size:113.4 ± 12.1 nm Zeta potential: − 12.30 ± 0.4 mV | Adult male SD rats Oral gavage | 50 mg/kg bw, 3 months | Sperm Evaluation | Sperm Motility, Concentration, and Viability by eosin staining | Increased sperm morphological abnormalities Decreased sperm concentrations motility and viability | Decreased sperm quantity or quality in the adult, Decreased fertility (ID505, ID520) | Impaired fertility (ID330, ID406) | [46] | |
Oxidative Status | GSH level, CAT activity and lipid peroxidation MDA content in testicular tissue by commercial kits | Decreased CAT activity, Increased MDA content, Non-significant change in GSH level | Decreased protection against oxidative stress, Occurance oxidative stress (ID210, ID1112, ID1249, ID1538, ID1869) Lipid Peroxidation (ID1445 or ID1511) | Oxidative Damage (ID356) | |||||
Hormonal Assessment | Serum testosterone, LH and FSH by ELISA kit | Decreased testosterone, LH and FSH levels | Reduction, testosterone level (ID1613, ID1689, ID1612) Reduced, Gonadotropins (ID1986) | Decreased sperm quantity or quality in the adult, Decreased fertility (ID505, ID520) | |||||
DNA damage | DNA strand breaks in testicular tissue by COMET assay | Increased DNA damage | Increased DNA damage (ID1194) | DNA Damage (ID1194) | |||||
Histopathological Examination | Testis and Seminiferous tubules by Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE) staining | Testis and Seminiferous tubules Histological alterations Necrotic spermatogonial cells | Testicular atrophy (ID1506) | Male reproductive tract malformations (ID348) Reduced, Reproductive Success (ID675) | |||||
Size:45 nm PVP (< 1%) Zeta potential: − 20 mV | New Zealand White male rabbits Intravenous | 5 mM AgNP solution (0.6 mg/kg bw) 2 months (weekly) | Sperm Evaluation | Sperm Volume, Concentration, and Viability | Decreased sperm motility, concentration and volume | Decreased sperm quantity or quality in the adult, Decreased fertility (ID505, ID520) | Impaired fertility (ID330, ID406) | [88] | |
Oxidative Status | MDA content, NO concentration, CAT and GPX Activity in sperm and blood samples by commercial kits | Increased NO, and MDA content Decreased CAT activity, and GSH level | Decreased protection against oxidative stress, Occurence oxidative stress (ID210, ID1112, ID1249, ID1538, ID1869) Lipid Peroxidation (ID1445 or ID1511) | Oxidative Damage (ID356) | |||||
Size:40Â nm Shape: Spherical | Adult male NMRI mice Oral gavage | 500Â mg/kg bw with a time interval of 24Â h for 35Â days | Oxidative Status | Total antioxidant capacity and Lipid peroxidation parameters | Decrease in the total antioxidant capacity, Increased MDA content | Decreased protection against oxidative stress, Occurence oxidative stress (ID210, ID1112, ID1249, ID1538, ID1869) Lipid Peroxidation (ID1445 or ID1511) | Oxidative Damage (ID356) | [98] | |
Hormonal Assessment | Serum testosterone level by comercial kits | Decreased testosterone hormone | Reduction, testosterone level (ID1613, ID1689, ID1612) | Decreased sperm quantity or quality in the adult, Decreased fertility (ID505, ID520) | |||||
Histological parameters | Testis, volume of interstitial tissue and seminiferous tubules | Decreased mean volume of testicular tissue and volume of seminiferous tubules Decreased sperm density, mean number of spermatocytes, mean number of Sertoli cells | Testicular atrophy (ID1506) | Male reproductive tract malformations (ID348) Reduced, Reproductive Success (ID675) | |||||
Size:100 nm Shape: Spherical SSA: 7.5329m2/g Zeta potential: − 18.9 mV | Male Rats Sub dermal | 10 and 50 mg/kg bw, 7 and 28 days | Sperm Evaluation | Sperm motility, velocity by HE staining | Decreased sperm motility and velocity | Decreased sperm quantity or quality in the adult, Decreased fertility (ID505, ID520) | Impaired fertility | [47] | |
Oxidative Status | MDA, GSH, CAT | Increased Lipid peroxidization, Decreased SOD, CAT, GSH and total thiols | Decreased protection against oxidative stress, Occurence oxidative stress (ID210, ID1112, ID1249, ID1538, ID1869) | Oxidative Damage (ID356) | |||||
Hormonal Assessment | Testosterone, LH and FSH | Decreased testosterone, LH and FSH levels (dose dependent | Reduction, testosterone level (ID1613, ID1689, ID1612) Reduced, Gonadotropins (ID1986) | Decreased sperm quantity or quality in the adult, Decreased fertility (ID505, ID520) | |||||
Histological parameters | Cellular achitecture of testes and epididymis | Degenerative alterations in the cellular architecture of testes and epididymis | Testicular atrophy (ID1506) | Male reproductive tract malformations (ID348) Reduced, Reproductive Success (ID675) |