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Fig. 5 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 5

From: Lung versus gut exposure to air pollution particles differentially affect metabolic health in mice

Fig. 5

Impaired insulin secretion upon orally administered air pollution particles in mice fed a standard diet is due to a functional beta-cell defect, but not a reduction in beta-cell mass. Wild-type mice were exposed to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) or PBS for 6 months via gavage. A Insulinogenic index (defined as the ratio of the areas under the curve of insulin and glucose) in wild type mice on standard diet and HFD/STZ treated wild type mice. B Ex vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion of isolated islets from mice exposed to DEP or PBS via gavage and stimulation index. Insulin is shown as % of content. C Representative insulin staining in pancreatic tissue for analysis of beta-cell mass, number of islets, and size distribution (small 10–1000 µm2, middle 1000–10,000 µm2, large 10,000–100,000 µm2), two data points per mouse. D Active GLP-1 in oral GTT. E Glucose area under the curve (AUC) of oral GTT and insulin after GLP-1 antagonist exendin (9–39) injection. F GLP-1 secretion of primary colon cultures treated ex vivo with 125 µg/mL DEP or PBS. G Gene expression in islets from exposed mice relative to controls. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, pooled data from 2 to 4 independent experiments, with each data point representing an individual mouse, except panel (CE). D, E Data from one experiment, with each data point representing an individual mouse. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, unpaired Mann–Whitney U test with two tailed distribution

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