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Table 6 Particle density and dissolution rates for several Mn forms

From: Derivation of first-order dissolution rates to estimate particle clearance and burden in the human respiratory tract

Form

Density (g/cm3)

Dissolution rate (g/cm2 per day)

1 µm dissolution (fraction per unit time)

Dissolution rate notes

MnSO4

3.25

1.1 × 10−4 to 7.5 × 10−4

0.6–0.1 per hr

Hatch and Gamble solutions [21]

MnCl2

2.98

2.9 × 10−5

0.6 per day

Estimated [20]

MnHPO4

3.18

1.4 × 10−5 to 2.1 × 10−6

0.3–0.04 per day

Hatch and Gamble solutions [21]

MnHPO4

3.18

1.1 × 10−5

0.2 per day

Estimated [23]

Mn3O4

4.84

2.1 × 10−7 to 5.3 × 10−8

0.003–0.001 per day

Hatch and Gamble solutions [21]

MnO2

5.08

5.9 × 10−8a

0.001 per daya

Estimated [6]

  1. aRef. [6] provides lung clearance data for Mn54O2 and uranium oxide (U235O2) in dogs. The MnO2 particles (count median diameter, 0.07 µm; GSD, 1.66) and UO2 particles (count median diameter, 0.33 µm; GSD, 1.80) had biological clearance t1/2 from the lungs of 38 and 190 days, respectively. Adjusted t1/2 for the respective median particle diameters reveal the elimination rates to be quite similar between the MnO2 (0.33/0.07 × 38 days = 180 days vs. 190 days for UO2) and UO2 (0.07/0.33 × 190 days = 40 days vs. 38 days for MnO2). Density was not included in calculations since clearance measurements normalize to mass deposited. Assuming the faster clearance rate of about 1% per day of MnO2 relative to UO2 is due to dissolution, for 0.07 µm MnO2 particles corresponds to dissolution rate of 5.9 × 10−8 g/cm2 per day