Skip to main content
Fig. 2 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 2

From: Lung-gut axis of microbiome alterations following co-exposure to ultrafine carbon black and ozone

Fig. 2

Alterations in the lung microbiome. A Unique alterations in OTUs after single exposure B Family level analysis of shared and unique OTUs after multiple exposures C Shannon alpha diversity index. The boxplots show median, quartile, smallest and largest observations. D Bacterial taxonomic profiles at the family level in the lung microbiota after single day CB, O3 or CB + O3 exposure. E Bacterial taxonomic profiles at the family level in the lung microbiota after multiple days CB, O3 or CB + O3 exposure. F Bacterial taxonomic profiles (family level) after removing top three families (single exposure). G Bacterial taxonomic profiles (family level) after removing top three families (multiple exposures). H Absolute quantification of bacterial load per ng of lung DNA was analyzed using Qiacuity digital PCR. I Correlation between absolute bacterial load in the lungs and inflammatory cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, B and T cells) after multiple exposures. *p ≤ 0.05. *denotes significantly difference compared to air, #denotes significantly difference compared between ozone alone and co-exposure. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) and analyzed by Two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. The Kruskal–Wallis test was performed to determine the statistical significance of Shannon diversity index n = 3–5

Back to article page