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Fig. 4 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 4

From: Lung-gut axis of microbiome alterations following co-exposure to ultrafine carbon black and ozone

Fig. 4

Alterations in oxidative stress response. A Alterations in Duox2, p22, Gpx1, Gpx2, Gpx3, Gpx4, Nrf2, and Ho-1 gene expression in lungs after single air, CB, O3 and CB + O3 exposure. B Significant increase in H2O2 levels in the lungs after single co-exposure. C Representative room temperature X-band EPR spectra of CM• radical in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after single exposure, and plot of EPR signal intensity D Representative room temperature EPR spectra of CM• radical in serum after single exposure, and plot of signal intensity. E Representative room temperature EPR spectra of CM• radical in gut samples after multiple exposures and plot of EPR signal intensity. F Correlation of absolute bacterial load in the lungs to hydrogen peroxide levels after single exposure. G-H Correlation of absolute bacterial load in the lung and redox levels in the lavage and serum, respectively after single inhalation exposure. Gene expression data are presented as log fold changes compared to 18 s (internal control). Data are presented as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM) and analyzed by One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. n = 5–6. *p ≤ 0.05. *denotes significantly difference from air, and # denotes significantly different from O3 at the same time point

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