Correction: Combining analytical techniques to assess the translocation of diesel particles across an alveolar tissue barrier in vitro

Correction: Particle and Fibre Toxicology (2024) 21:26 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12989-024-00585-7

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported that the figure captions are mismatched in Figs. 3, 4 and 5. The correct figures and captions have been provided in this Correction.

Fig. 3

Visualization and quantification of translocated DEPs into the basal fraction across porous PET membranes. (a) TEM images of the translocated DEPs across 0.4, 1.0, and 3.0 μm porous membrane collected from the basal cell culture medium. The applied concentrations of the DEPs on the apical side of the membrane are 0, 0.1, 2.0, 20, and 80 µg mL⁻¹ in MQ-Curosurf solution, scale bar: 0.5 μm. (b) and (c) Percentage of translocation of DEPs across 0.4, 1.0, and 3.0 μm porous membrane determined with ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) absorbance spectroscopy (b) and lock-in thermography (LIT) (c). The means ± SD from three independent experiments were used as technical replicates (n = 3). ** represents (p < 0.01), *** (p < 0.001), **** (p < 0.0001)

Fig. 4

Effects of deposited DEPs on A549 alveolar cells at 24 h post-exposure. a 3D—confocal laser scanning images of deposited DEPs at 20, 40, and 80 µg mL⁻¹ on the A549 monolayer, scale bar: 50 μm. Cell nuclei and F-actin cytoskeleton are stained with DAPI (cyan) and Phalloidin (magenta), respectively. b A549 monolayer integrity is assessed with transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurement and 5 mM of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a positive control. The viability of the A549 cells is evaluated with the release rate of cytosolic lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the apical and basal fractions. The means ± SD of three independent experiments performed in duplicates are displayed (N = 3). c Thermal emission of deposited DEPs at 20, 40, and 80 µg mL⁻¹ on the A549 monolayer determined with the LIT, scale bar: 1 cm. * represents (p < 0.05), ** (p < 0.01), *** (p < 0.001), **** (p < 0.0001)

Fig. 5

Visualization and quantification of translocated DEPs across the alveolar epithelial type II (A549) cells grown on 3.0 μm porous PET membrane into the basal fraction. (a) TEM images of the translocated DEPs across the A549 monolayer in the basal fraction. The applied concentrations on the apical side of the membrane are 20, 40 and 80 µg mL⁻¹ in CCM-Curosurf solution, with and without 5 mM EDTA treatment, scale bar: 0.5 μm. (b) and (c) The percentage of translocation of DEPs across the A549 monolayer was determined with UV–Vis absorbance spectroscopy (b) and LIT (c) techniques. The means ± SD of three independent experiments performed in duplicates are displayed (N = 3)

The original article [1] has been corrected.