Evaluation of cytotoxic, genotoxic and inflammatory responses of nanoparticles from photocopiers in three human cell lines

Table 4 Comparative summary of all cytokines that were unregulated in three cell types and nasal lavage of health volunteers post-exposure (Khatri et al. 2012) in response to nanoparticles emitted from photocopiers

Test system	*In Vitro*						*In Vivo*
Test system	THP-1		Nasal epithelial cells		Small airway epithelial cells		Nasal lavage of healthy volunteers (Khatri et al. 2012)
Cytokine	↑	Dose information	↑	Dose information	↑	Dose information
Cytokine	↑	(μg/mL)	↑	(μg/mL)	↑	(μg/mL)
IL-8	***	6 hr, only at 300	***	6 h, all doses	***	6 h, all doses	***
IL-8	***	24 hr, all doses	***	24 h, all doses	***	24 h, all doses	***
IL-6	***	6 hr, only at 300	-	-	-	-	***
IL-6	***	24 hr, 100 & 300	-	-	-	-	***
IL-1β	**	6 hr, 300	-	-	*	24 hr, only at 300	***
IL-1β	**	24 hr, 300			*		***
GM-CSF	**	6 hr, 300	-	-	*	24 hr, only at 100	-
GM-CSF	**	24 hr, 100 & 300			*		-
TNF-α	***	6 hr, 100 & 300	*	24 hr, only at 300	-	-	***
TNF-α	***	24 hr, 100 & 300					***
MCP-1	***	6 h, all doses	-	-	-	-	***
MCP-1	***	24 h, all doses					***
VEGF	*	6 hr, 100	**	24 hr, 30 & 100	**	24 hr, 30 & 100	***
VEGF	*	24 hr, all doses			**		***
IL-1α	-	-	***	24 hr, 100 & 300	*	24 hr, 100 & 300	-
G-CSF	-	-	-	-	-	-	***
Fractalkine	**	24 hr, 100 & 300	-	-	-	-	***
EGF	-	-	***	6 hr, 300	***	24 h, all doses	***
EGF	-		***	24 hr, all doses	***		***
IFN-γ	-	-	*	24 hr, 30 & 100	-	-	-

↑, Upregulated, p < 0.001 (***), p < 0.01 (**), p < 0.05 (*), ‘-‘, statistically non-significant. The two epithelial cell types are primary human cells. Comparisons are relative to negative controls.

ISSN: 1743-8977