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Table 2 Effect of Exposure to UFTiO2 vs. FTiO2 (High Dose) on Pulmonary Responses.

From: Pulmonary response to intratracheal instillation of ultrafine versus fine titanium dioxide: role of particle surface area

Parameter

Group

1 day

7 days

42 days

PMN (106)

Control

1.4 ± 0.1

0.78 ± 0.07

0.88 ± 0.10

 

UFTiO2 high

23.8 ± 1*

25.5 ± 3*

18.3 ± 1*

 

FTiO 2 high

15.6 ± 0.9*

19.8 ± 0.7*

10.8 ± 0.4*

LDH (U/l)

Control

46.3 ± 2

39.5 ± 1.35

37.3 ± 2

 

UFTiO2 high

337.4 ± 3*

323.5 ± 3*

239.9 ± 5*

 

FTiO 2 high

307.6 ± 5*

288.1 ± 5*

175.6 ± 4*

Albumin

Control

0.07 ± 0.03

0.08 ± 0.003

0.09 ± 0.007

 

UFTiO2 high

0.38 ± 0.04*

0.51 ± 0.02*

0.40 ± 0.01*

 

FTiO 2 high

0.21 ± 0.055*

0.40 ± 0.01*

0.30 ± 0.01*

TNF-α (pg/ml)

Control

25.7 ± 0.6

23.1 ± 0.7

25.86 ± 0.8

 

UFTiO2 high

67.4 ± 2.2*

73.5 ± 1.5*

88.5 ± 4.4*

 

FTiO 2 high

60.7 ± 1.7*

58.5 ± 2.8*

55.4 ± 1.3*

MIP-2 (pg/ml)

Control

517.9 ± 12

601.8 ± 26

643.6 ± 7

 

UFTiO2 high

802.9 ± 28*

886.9 ± 21*

893.5 ± 26*

 

FTiO 2 high

695.6 ± 15*

847.1 ± 43*

852.1 ± 22*

IL-1β (pg/ml)

Control

75.9 ± 6

82.2 ± 6

91.9 ± 8

 

UFTiO2 high

167.5 ± 13*

230.4 ± 14*

273.6 ± 14*

 

FTiO 2 high

119.9 ± 13

131.5 ± 11*

180.3 ± 14*

Zym. Stim. Chemi.

Control

0.53 ± .08

0.50 ± .05

0.51 ± .05

 

UFTiO2 high

4.4 ± .51*

4.4 ± .47*

4.2 ± .48*

 

FTiO 2 high

2.6 ± .26*

2.8 ± .35*

1.4 ± .27

NO Dep. Chemi.

Control

4.3 ± .06

0.45 ± .11

0.39 ± .08

 

UFTiO2 high

3.3 ± .11*

2.2 ± .27*

1.0 ± .12*

 

FTiO 2 high

2.6 ± .20*

0.28 ± .04

0.230 ± .04

  1. Comparison of pulmonary toxicity parameters measured in control animals and for animals receiving the high doses (1.04 and 21.41 mg/rat) of UFTiO2 and FTiO2 at all post-exposure time points. * denotes that the change from control is statistically significant (p < 0.05) using ANOVA.