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Table 2 Oxidative DNA damage evaluated by alkaline comet assay modified with the enzymes FPG and hOGG1 in BEAS-2B cells: tail DNA %

From: Poorly soluble cobalt oxide particles trigger genotoxicity via multiple pathways

μg mL-1

2 h

24 h

FPG

hOGG1

FPG

hOGG1

LB-3

6.22 ± 0.48

5.41 ± 0.46

3.94 ± 0.34

3.33 ± 0.33

C pos

81.89 ± 0.69***

72.25 ± 0.53***

81.78 ± 0.70***

83.01 ± 0.61***

C neg

6.79 ± 0.53

5.15 ± 0.43

6.19 ± 0.48

3.15 ± 0.33

Co3O4P

1.25

5.60 ± 0.39

15.69 ± 1.49***

4.81 ± 0.35

11.57 ± 0.69***

2.5

9.59 ± 0.66**

9.01 ± 0.56

8.73 ± 0.55**

12.82 ± 0.82***

5

6.25 ± 0.52

8.31 ± 0.52

7.39 ± 0.53

9.58 ± 0.77***

10

11.23 ± 0.76***

13.43 ± 1.78***

10.74 ± 0.64***

6.80 ± 0.61***

20

12.14 ± 0.76***

13.47 ± 1.46***

10.79 ± 0.73***

4.36 ± 0.39

C pos

82.71 ± 0.42***

76.37 ± 0.61***

73.67 ± 0.64***

74.99 ± 0.77***

C neg

2.98 ± 0.29

2.72 ± 0.26

4.77 ± 0.32

4.31 ± 0.28

CoCl2

1.25

4.93 ± 0.33**

4.43 ± 0.34*

5.02 ± 0.36

5.75 ± 0.47

2.5

6.98 ± 0.47***

5.88 ± 0.46***

4.71 ± 0.38

4.69 ± 0.36

5

5.01 ± 0.37**

5.73 ± 0.43***

4.93 ± 0.36

6.75 ± 0.42**

10

7.71 ± 0.48***

5.02 ± 0.41***

5.20 ± 0.37

8.47 ± 0.49***

  1. After 2 h exposure, both FPG and hOGG1 enzymes detected oxidative DNA damage in BEAS-2B cells. Additionally, at the highest concentrations tested, Co3O4P induced more severe DNA damage than CoCl2, but compared with C neg, CoCl2 induced statistically significant DNA damage at all the concentrations tested, while Co3O4P did not. After 24 h, both enzymes showed that oxidative DNA damage occurred in the presence of Co3O4P, which, additionally, seemed to induce more severe and significant damage than CoCl2. LB-3 (50 μg mL-1) was used as an internal control for the cobalt particles; 110 μM H2O2 represented the positive control. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA with Holm-Sidak post-hoc test (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001)
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Particle and Fibre Toxicology

ISSN: 1743-8977

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