From: Genetic toxicity assessment of engineered nanoparticles using a 3D in vitro skin model (EpiDermâ„¢)
Product Name | Text Reference | Manufacturer Specified Size (diameter, nm) | Transmission Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy | Material Density (g/cm3) | Material Refractive Index | Dynamic Light Scattering (peak analysis of distributions by particle number) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary Size: average diameter, nm ± standard deviation (range) | Shape/Morphology | Crystallinity/Composition/Purity Contaminant free? | Agglomeration: (hydrodynamic diameter, nm) | Surface Charge (mV) | Surface chemistry | |||||||
aqueous dispersion; 300 μg/mL | ||||||||||||
Modal size (distribution peak max) | Size Range (99 % distribution) | Polydispersity ndex (range) | Zeta Potential ± SD (Solution pH) | |||||||||
Levasil® 200 (aqueous solution) | 16 nm-SiO2 | 15 | 16.4 ± 5.3 (8 – 42) | spherical/smooth | Amorphous SiO2, yes | 2.65 | 1.54 | 17 | 9 - 32 | 0.02 - 0.08 | -55.3 ± 2.3 (pH 7.8) | negative due to unbound surface oxygen |
Levasil® 50 (aqueous solution) | 85 nm-SiO2 | 55 | 85.1 ± 23.7 (41 – 159) | spherical/smooth | Amorphous SiO2, yes | 2.65 | 1.54 | 92 | 50 - 164 | 0.21 - 0.22 | -63.2 ± 3.8 (pH 9.4) |