Fig. 2

Body weight (bw) (A–C), liver-to-bw ratio (D–F), and brain-to-bw ratio (G–I) were measured for male (n = 15) and female (n = 15) rat pups orally dosed with TiO₂ NP and vehicle control between PND 2–5 (A, D, G), PND 7–10 (B, E, H), and PND 17–20 (C, F, I). No changes in bw were observed as a result of TiO₂ NP administration. TiO₂ NP led to increased liver-to-bw ratio at PND 21 for female pups dosed between PND 7–10 and PND 17–20, while liver-to-bw ratio increased for male pups dosed between PND 17–20. Male pups dosed between PND 7–10 had significantly increased brain-to-bw ratio. Body weight is presented as mean ± standard deviation. Box and whisker plots of organ-to-bw ratio data where the box extends from the 25th to 75th percentile and shows the median value, while the whiskers show the minimum and maximum value. TiO₂ NP dose groups are shown in black and vehicle control in gray. Statistical analyses were conducted using Mann–Whitney U test: *P-value < 0.05, **P-value < 0.01, ***P-value < 0.005