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Fig. 3 | Particle and Fibre Toxicology

Fig. 3

From: Combined exposure to fine particulate matter and high glucose aggravates endothelial damage by increasing inflammation and mitophagy: the involvement of vitamin D

Fig. 3

PM aggravated mitochondrial injury in endothelial cells treated with high glucose, and 1,25(OH)2D3 pretreatment reduced this change. HUVECs were pretreated with high glucose (30 mM) for 24 h and then treated with PM (50 μg/mL) for 8 h. HUVECs were pretreated with 100 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 for 12 h before PM exposure. A The JC-1 assay and fluorescence microscopy were used to examine the mitochondrial membrane potential. Bar = 50 μm. B, C The JC-1 assay and flow cytometry were used to examine mitochondrial membrane potential. Statistical analysis of the ratios of JC-1 monomer to JC-1 aggregates. D, E MitoStatus TMRE dye was used for the quantitative analysis of the mitochondrial membrane potential with flow cytometry. F The ATP assay was conducted to assess ATP levels. *P < 0.05 compared with the control group; †P < 0.05 compared with the HG group; #P < 0.05 compared with the PM group; §P < 0.05 compared with the HG + PM group

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Particle and Fibre Toxicology

ISSN: 1743-8977

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