Characterization parameters | Methods | CuO |
---|---|---|
Primary particle size | Â | Â |
dXRD* (nm) Specific surface area (SSA) (m2/g) dBET# (nm) Mean size (nm) | X-ray diffraction Brunauer-Emmett teller (BET) BET TEM | 25.8 13.77 ± 0.68 70.9 ± 3.54 50.24 ± 10.99
|
Hydrodynamic size in DI water (nm) | Dynamic light scattering | 507 ± 51 |
Zeta potential in DI water (mV) | Dynamic light scattering | -19.0 ± 1.5 |
Shape factors | Â | Â |
Aspect ratio ξ Circularity ψ Roundness ζ | TEM TEM TEM | 1.345 ± 0.202 0.925 ± 0.037 0.759 ± 0.107 |
Porosity | Â | Â |
Pore volume (cm3/g) Average pore size (nm) | BET BET | 1.87 × 10–4 2.65 |
Density (g/cm3) | Pycnometer (N2 volume replacement) | 6.1531 ± 0.0027 |
Purity | Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) | 98.21% ± 6.11% Cu |
Endotoxin levels | Â | Â |
Concentration in suspension (EU/mL) Concentration per mass of ENM (EU/mg) | Recombinant factor C Recombinant factor C | 0.021 2.141 |