A comprehensive understanding of ambient particulate matter and its components on the adverse health effects based from epidemiological and laboratory evidence

Table 1 Summary of the AOP of respiratory system

Sequence	Type	Event ID	Title	Short name
1	MIE	1115	ROS generation	Increased, Reactive oxygen species
2	MIE	151	Inflammatory pathways activation	Inflammatory pathways activation
3	MIE	1239	Altered gene expression	Altered, Gene Expression
4	KE	1392	Oxidative stress	Oxidative stress
5	KE	1945	Dysfunctional autophagy	Dysfunctional autophagy
6	KE	18	AhR activation	Activation, AhR
7	KE	165	AHR driven gene expression changes	AHR driven gene expression changes
8	KE	1194	DNA damage	DNA damage
9	KE	1445	lipid peroxidation	Increase, LPO
10	KE	1262	Apoptosis	Apoptosis
12	KE	1994	Increase, Ferroptosis	Ferroptosis
13	KE	1497	Infiltration of inflammatory cells	Infiltration of inflammatory cells
14	KE	1198	Activity of alveolar macrophages	Activation, Macrophages
15	KE	149	Inflammatory response	Increase, Inflammation
16	KE	1496	Secretion of inflammatory factors	Increased proinflammatory mediators
17	KE	1738	Increased susceptibility to viral entry	Increased susceptibility to viral entry
18	KE	1458	Pulmonary fibrosis	Pulmonary fibrosis
19	KE	1250	Decrease Lung function	Decrease, Lung function
20	KE	1993	Pneumonia	Pneumonia
21	AO	1992	Increased morbidity and mortality of respiratory disease	Increased morbidity and mortality of respiratory disease

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