Evaluation of cytotoxic, genotoxic and inflammatory responses of nanoparticles from photocopiers in three human cell lines

Table 2 Summary of parameters used in the in vivo lung Multiple Path Particle Deposition (MPPD2) model (MPPD2, Anjilvel and Asgharian 1995) [24]

Human model	Breathing parameters	Airborne nanoparticle distribution*
Functional residual capacity: 3300.0 mL	Tidal volume: 625 ml	CMD: 34 nm
Head volume: 50 mL	Breathing frequency: 12 breaths/ min	Geometric standard deviation: 2.0
Breathing route: Nasal	Inspiratory fraction: 0.5	Mass concentration: 56.0^* μg/m³
	Pause fraction: 0.0

Distribution parameters for airborne nanoparticles (size and mass) were derived from workplace monitoring data previously published by our group (Bello et al. 2012 and Khatri et al. 2012) [5, 17].
* Based on the maximum peak exposures to workers operating photocopy machines of 1.2 million particles/cm³ (assuming effective density for aerosolized particles of 2.27 g/cm³). For human volunteers, average mass concentrations were ~10x lower (5.4 μg/m³), with average measured number concentration of 34,100 particles/cm³ (Khatri et al. (2012).

ISSN: 1743-8977