Figure 4

Losartan reduces the severity of G5 PAMAM nanoparticle-induced acute lung injury. (A) Survival rates at indicated times (log-rank test), (B) percent change in lung elastance at indicated times (ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc analyses), (C) plasma AngII levels (at 3 hrs, two-tailed t-tests), (D) lung wet-to-dry weight ratios (at 10 hrs, two-tailed t-tests), (E) blood oxygenation (at 10 hrs, two-tailed t-tests), (F) vascular leakage (at 10 hrs, two-tailed t-tests), (G) histopathology, lung infiltrating cells counting (at 10 hrs) and (H) IL-6 concentration in BALF (at 10 hrs) of control WT mice, WT mice treated with G5 PAMAM nanoparticles (15 μg/g), and WT mice treated with G5 PAMAM nanoparticles (15 μg/g) plus losartan (15 mg/kg i.p.). n = 4–10 mice per group. (two-tailed t-tests). In (G), representative lung histopathologies and the mean numbers of lung-infiltrating cells ± SEM per microscopic field (100 fields were analyzed; n = 3 mice per group) are shown. Scale bar = 100 μm. Data are shown as the mean values ± SEM, except the survival curve. *p < 0.05 or **p < 0.01. N.D. means not detectable.