Multi-walled carbon nanotube induces nitrative DNA damage in human lung epithelial cells via HMGB1-RAGE interaction and Toll-like receptor 9 activation

Table 2 Estimation of alveolar MWCNT deposition in exposed individuals

Factors	Values	References
Mean of airborne MWCNT concentration	10.6 μg/m³	[44]
Minute ventilation	0.02 m³/min
Diameter of MWCNT agglomerates	400 nm	Fig. 1c (in this study)
Alveolar deposition efficiency (dependent on diameter of agglomerates)	7 %	[45]
Alveolar surface area	100 m²
Alveolar deposition of MWCNT
10.6 μg/m³ × 0.02 m³/min × 7 %	=14.8 ng/min
	=7.10 μg/day	(8 h/day)
	=35.5 μg/week	(5 days/week)
	=1.78 mg/year	(50 weeks/year)
	=1.78 ng/cm²/year	(per alveolar surface area)
MWCNT deposition reaches 14 ng/cm² (at which 8-nitroG formation was increased) in
(14 ng/cm²)/(1.78 ng/cm²/year)	=7.87 years

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